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KMID : 1001320170440030217
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Social Welfare Policy
2017 Volume.44 No. 3 p.217 ~ p.245
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An Empirical Analysis Of The Motherhood Penalty in Korea
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Oh Hea-Eun
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Abstract
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Traditionally, the gender wage gap has been explained by gender difference in the level of human capital, labor supply, and job characteristics. Recently, woman`s educational level of woman is close to men, woman`s labor market participation rate has increased. One of the major contributors to this wage gap is the motherhood penalty. Motherhood penalty is the wage gap between women with children and those without children. This paper is purposed to the effect of children on women`s wages in South Korea and analyzed whether there is a difference in motherhood penalty between the sample with excluded 20`s and less than high school. The data used for the analysis are from national representative data The Korea Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS) on employed 21-50 years women from 2000 to 2012 year. I estimate Equation using fixed effects to account for sample heterogeneity. The results reveal mothers face a wage penalty of approximately 6.6 percent per child. especially wage penalties are 5.8 percent for mothers with one child and 9.8 percent for mothers with two children. but children`s age is not effect to women`s hourly wages. also motherhood penalites were larger in thesample with excluded 20`s and less than high school. The motherhood penalties need to continuous concerns for advocates of fertility policies, work-life balance policies in South Korea.
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KEYWORD
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motherhood penalty, human capital, job characteristics, fixed effects model
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